المفطِّــــــرات
ـ الأكل والشرب :
الأكل والشرب عمدًا من المفطرات ، فإن أكل أو شرب ناسيًا فلا قضاء عليه ولا كفارة .وهذا الحكم في صيام الفرض والنفل سواء . قال تعالى " وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ" . سورة البقرة / آية : 187 .
ـ القيء عمدًا :
فإن غلبه القيء فلا قضاء عليه ولا كفارة . ذرعه القيءُ : أي : سبقه وغلبه في الخروج .
والعمل عند أهل العلم على حديث أبي هريرة ـ رضي الله عنه ـ ، عن النبي ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم: أن الصائم إذا ذرعه القىء ، فلا قضاء عليه ، وإذا استقاء عمدًا فليقضِ : وبه يقول الشافعي وسفيان الثوري ، والإمام أحمد ، وإسحاق .صحيح ابن ماجه / ص : 220 .
ـ الحيض والنفاس : ولمسلم أيضًا " إن كانت إحدانا لتفطر في زمان رسول الله ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ فما تقدر على أن تقضيه مع رسول الله حتى يأتي شعبان " .
وله طريق آخر عنها بلفظ" ما كنت أقضي ما يكون علي من رمضان إلا في شعبان ، حتى توفي رسول الله " .
والنفاس له نفس حكم الحيض .
يطلق على الحيض نفاس ـ ولا فرق بينهما في أحكام الصيام . الخَمِيلَةِ: يعني القطيفة، وقيل هي الأسود من الثياب . ـ الجماع :
وتجب به كفارة : العرق : هو الزنبيل ، يعمل من سعف النخل ، وقدروها هنا بما يسع خمسة عشر صاعًا .
اللابة : هي الحرة : وهي الأرض التي تعلوها حجارة سود، والمدينة النبوية بين حرتين ،شرقية وغربية .
* عن أبي هريرة ـ رضي الله عنه ـ عن رسول الله ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم بذلك فقال " وصم يومًا مكانه " . سنن ابن ماجه / تحقيق الشيخ الألباني / 7 ـ كتاب : الصيام / 14ـ باب : كفارة من أفطر يومًا من رمضان / حديث رقم : 1671 / ص : 293 / صحيح .
الأحكام المأخوذة من الحديث :
ـ أن الوطء في نهار رمضان من الفواحش المهلكات .
ـ أن الواطئ عمدًا يجب عليه الكفارة ، وهي على الترتيب : عتق رقبة ، فإن لم يجد ، فصيام شهرين متتابعين ، فإن لم يستطع ، فإطعام ستين مسكينًا .
ـ أن الكفارة لا تسقط مع الإعسار ، لأن النبي ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ لم يسقطها عنه بفقره ، وليس في الحديث ما يدل على السقوط .
ـ جواز التكفير عن الغير ولو من أجنبي .
ـ أن من ارتكب معصية لا حدّ فيها ، ثم جاء تائبًا نادمًا ، فإنه لا يعزر .
ـ حسن خلق النبي ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وكـرم الوفادة فقد جاءه هذا الرجل خائفًاوجلًا ، فراح فرحًا ، معه ما يطعم منه أهله .
ـ صيام ذلك اليوم ، أي قضاء ذلك اليوم .
المجامع عليه: القضاء ـ الكفارة ـ التوبة .
المفطر عمدًا عليه : القضاء ـ التوبة .
عمدة الأحكام / ص : 44 / بتصرف .
____________
Actions that nullify Fasting.
*Eating and drinking:
Eating and deliberately drinking from the actions that nullify fasting, if he eats or drinks a forgetting, then there is no required for him or expiation, this ruling is both in the fast of obligatory fasting and volunteering.
*About abo Hurairah “god bless him” that the prophet “peace be upon him” said:
“If anyone forgets that he is fasting and eats or drinks he should complete his fast, for it is only Allah Who has fed him and given him drink”.
Hadith Muslim / “13” the book of: fasting / “33” chapter: The one who eats, drinks, or has intercourse by mistake……/ hadith number: “1155.171” / page: “276”.
Allah said:
“And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread “of night” Then complete the fast until the sunset”.
Surah Al_Baqara ……. “187”.
Vomiting deliberately.
If the vomiting is overcominghim, then there is no required of him or expiation.
*About abo Hurairah “god bless him” that the prophet “peace be upon him” said:
“Whoever is overcome by vomiting, then he is not required to make up “the fast” and whoever vomits on purpose, then he must make it up”.
Sunnan Abn Majah / investigation by El_sheikh al_albani / “7” the book of: fasting / “16” chapter: What Has Been Related About One Who Vomits / hadith number: “1676” / page: “294”
It’s true.
overcome by vomiting is: it preceded him and beat him out.
*And working with the scholars on hadith abo Hurairah “god bless him”, about the prophet “peace be upon him”:
That the one who fast if he is overcome by vomiting, then he is not required, and if he is vomits on purpose, then he must make it up, and with it shafai, Sofian al-Thawri, Imam Ahmad, and Ishaq saying.
Hadith Abn Majah / page: “220”.
Menstruation and puerperium while Fasting.
Even at the last minute of the day even a period after dawn to say Aisha “god bless her”:
“I would own fasts from Ramadan and I would not make them up until Shaban came”.
The narrator: Aisha / the speaker: al_albani / the source: hadith al_nasai / page or number: “2318” / Summary of the speaker’s judgment: it’s true.
“I heard 'A'isha “god bless her” as saying: I had to complete some of the fasts of Ramadan, but I could not do it but during the month of Sha'ban due to my duties to the Messenger of Allah “peace be upon him” or with the Messenger of Allah “peace be upon him”. And in novel:
“And that's where the Messenger of God “peace be upon him” is. And in another novel:
“They did not mention in the hadith the preoccupation with the Messenger of God “peace be upon him”.
The narrator: Aisha / the speaker: Muslim / the source: hadith Muslim / page or number: “1146” / Summary of the speaker’s judgment: it’s true.
And for Muslim’s too:
“If one amongst us had to break fasts “of Ramadan due to natural reasons, I. e. menses” during the life of the Messenger of Allah “peace be upon him” she could not find it possible to complete them so long she had been in the presence of Allah's Messenger “peace be upon him” till Sha'ban commenced”.
And he has another way about it:
“I would not make up what was due upon me from Ramadan except in Sha'ban, until the Messenger of Allah died”.
*And the menstruation has the same puerperium rule.
The puerperium is called a menstruation, and there is no difference between them in the rulings of fasting.
*About Aby Salama: that Zainab bent Um Salama she spoke to him: that Um Salama she spoke to her said:
“While I was laying with the Prophet “peace be upon him” under a single woolen sheet, I got the menses. I slipped away and put on the clothes for menses. He said, "Have you got "Nifas" “menses”?" I replied, "Yes." He then called me and made me lie with him under the same sheet”.
Hadith El_Bukhari / “6” the book of: Menstrual Periods / “4” chapter: Using the word Nifas for menses…. / hadith number: “298” / page: “43”.
The sheet is: Velour Fabric, it was said is the black of the cloths.
*About Abn Abbas “god bless them”, that the prophet “peace be upon him” said:
“A menstruating woman and the one who delivered a child should take a bath, put on ihram and perform all the rites of hajj except circumambulation of the House “Ka'bah” when they came to the place of wearing ihram”.
Abo Ma'mar said in his version: "till she is purified".
Sunnan Aby Dawood / “5” the first book of: The Rites of Hajj / “10” chapter: The Woman Entering Ihram for Hajj During Her Menses / part: “1” / hadith number: “1744.1534” / page: “302”.
The intercourse.
*And it must be expiation.
*About abo Hurairah “god bless him” said:
“A man came to the Messenger of Allah “peace be upon him” and said, “l am ruined O Messenger of Allah “peace be upon him”!" The Messenger of Allah “peace be upon him” asked him, “What has ruined you?" The man replied, ‘I had intercourse with my wife during the day in Ramadan while fasting”’ The Prophet said to him, "Are you able to free a slave?" The man said, ‘No.’ The Prophet said, "Can you fast for two consecutive months?" He said, ‘NO.' The Prophet then asked him, "Can you provide food for sixty poor people?" He said, ‘No.’ Then the man sat down. A basket of dates was brought to the Prophet and he said to the man, “Give this as Sadaqah “voluntary charity” The man said, ‘To someone who is poorer than us!’ There is no one in this city “Al-Madinah” who is in need of these dates more than us!’ The Prophet laughed until his molar teeth could be seen and said to the man, “Go and feed your family with these dates”.
The narrator: abo Hurairah / the speaker: El_Bukhari / the source: hadith El_Bukhari / page or number: “6709” / Summary of the speaker’s judgment: it’s true.
*About abo Hurairah “god bless him”, about the messenger of god “peace be upon him” said:
“and fast anther day in his place”.
Sunnan Abn Majah / investigation by El_sheikh al_albani / “7” the book of: fasting / “14” chapter: What Has Been Related About the Atonement for Breaking the Fast During Ramadan / hadith number: “1671” / page: “293” / it’s true.
Rulings taken from hadith:
*That the intercourse in the day of Ramadan is one of the deadly obscenities.
*That the intercourse deliberately must atone. And she's in a row:
“to free a slave” so, if he doesn't find, he has to “fast for two consecutive months” so, if he can't, he has “provide food for sixty poor people”.
*That atonement does not fall with insolvency, because the prophet “peace be upon him” He didn't drop it from him in his poverty, and there is nothing in the hadith that indicates the fall.
*It is permissible to atone for others even from a foreigner.
*That whoever committed a sin is limitless, and then he repented, regretting it, he has no excuse.
*The good morality of the prophet “peace be upon him”, and the hospitality so, this man came to him scared and timorous, so he leaves cheerful, with him what he fed his family.
*fasting that day is: spending that day.
*The one who intercourse has spending, atonement, repentance.
*The one who break the fast on purpose has: spending and repentance.
Mayor of Judgments / page: “44” / freely.
here
|