تحريم بيع الكلب Prohibition on selling dogs

[أم أبي التراب]

تحريم بيع الكلب

Prohibition on selling dogs

السؤال
ما حكم بيع الكلاب وشرائها ؟.
الجواب

الحمد لله.
أولًا :
سبق في جواب السؤال (69777) بيان تحريم اقتناء الكلاب ، وأن من اقتنى كلبا نقص من أجره كل يوم قيراطان ، إلا كلب الصيد وحراسة الماشية وحراسة الزرع ، فإنه يجوز اقتناؤها .
ثانيًا :
وأما بيع الكلاب ، فبيعها حرام ، ولو كان الكلب مما يجوز اقتناؤه .
وقد وردت عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أحاديث كثيرة في النهي عن بيع الكلاب ، وهي بعمومها تشمل جميع الكلاب ، ما يجوز اقتناؤه ، وما لا يجوز . فمن هذه الأحاديث :
1- روى البخاري :1944:عن أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ رضي الله عنه قَالَ : نَهَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ .
2- وروى البخاري :2083- ومسلم :2930: عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الأَنْصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ وَمَهْرِ الْبَغِيِّ وَحُلْوَانِ الْكَاهِنِ .
3- وروى أبو داود 3021: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رضي الله عنهما قَالَ " نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ ، وَإِنْ جَاءَ يَطْلُبُ ثَمَنَ الْكَلْبِ فَامْلأْ كَفَّهُ تُرَابًا " قال الحافظ : إسناده صحيح . وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود .
4- وروى أبو داود :3023: عن أبي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه قال : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " لا يَحِلُّ ثَمَنُ الْكَلْبِ ، وَلا حُلْوَانُ الْكَاهِنِ ، وَلا مَهْرُ الْبَغِيِّ " قال الحافظ : إسناده حسن . وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود .
قال النووي في :شرح مسلم :
" وَأَمَّا النَّهْي عَنْ ثَمَن الْكَلْب وَكَوْنه مِنْ شَرّ الْكَسْب وَكَوْنه خَبِيثًا فَيَدُلّ عَلَى تَحْرِيم بَيْعه , وَأَنَّهُ لا يَصِحّ بَيْعه , وَلا يَحِلّ ثَمَنه , وَلا قِيمَة عَلَى مُتْلِفه سَوَاء كَانَ مُعَلَّمًا أَمْ لا , وَسَوَاء كَانَ مِمَّا يَجُوز اِقْتِنَاؤُهُ أَمْ لا , وَبِهَذَا قَالَ جَمَاهِير الْعُلَمَاء مِنْهُمْ أَبُو هُرَيْرَة وَالْحَسَن الْبَصْرِيّ وَرَبِيعَة وَالأَوْزَاعِيّ وَالْحَكَم وَحَمَّاد وَالشَّافِعِيّ وَأَحْمَد وَدَاوُد وَابْن الْمُنْذِر وَغَيْرهمْ . وَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَة : يَصِحّ بَيْع الْكِلاب الَّتِي فِيهَا مَنْفَعَة , وَتَجِب الْقِيمَة عَلَى مُتْلِفهَا . وَحَكَى اِبْن الْمُنْذِر عَنْ جَابِر وَعَطَاء وَالنَّخَعِيّ جَوَاز بَيْع كَلْب الصَّيْد دُون غَيْره . . . ودَلِيل الْجُمْهُور هَذِهِ الأَحَادِيث " انتهى .
وقال الحافظ :
" ظَاهِر النَّهْي تَحْرِيم بَيْعه , وَهُوَ عَامّ فِي كُلّ كَلْب مُعَلَّمًا كَانَ أَوْ غَيْره مِمَّا يَجُوز اِقْتِنَاؤُهُ أَوْ لا يَجُوز , وَمِنْ لازِم ذَلِكَ أَنْ لا قِيمَة عَلَى مُتْلِفه , وَبِذَلِكَ قَالَ الْجُمْهُور " انتهى .
وقال ابن قدامة في :المغني :
" لا يَخْتَلِفُ الْمَذْهَبُ فِي أَنَّ بَيْعَ الْكَلْبِ بَاطِلٌ , أَيَّ كَلْبٍ كَانَ " انتهى .
وجاء في :فتاوى اللجنة الدائمة:13/36 :
" لا يجوز بيع الكلاب ، ولا يحل ثمنها ، سواء كانت كلاب حراسة أو صيد أو غير ذلك ، لما روى أبو مسعود عقبة بن عمرو رضي الله عنه قال " نهى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن ثمن الكلب ومهر البغي وحلوان الكاهن " متفق على صحته " انتهى .
وقال الشيخ ابن باز :
"بيع الكلب باطل" انتهى .
"مجموع فتاوى ابن باز" 19/39 .
وقال الشيخ ابن عثيمين في :الشرح الممتع :8/90 :
" لا يجوز بيع الكلب ، حتى لو باعه للصيد ، فإنه لا يجوز " انتهى بتصرف .
ثانيًا :
استدل من أجاز بيع كلب الصيد بما رواه النسائي :4589: عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رضي الله عنهما أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " نَهَى عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ وَالسِّنَّوْرِ إِلا كَلْبِ صَيْدٍ " .
وهذا الاستثناء في الحديث " إِلا كَلْبِ صَيْدٍ " ضعيف .
َقالَ النسائي بعد روايته للحديث : هَذَا مُنْكَرٌ .
وقال السندي في "حاشية النسائي" : ضعيف باتفاق المحدثين .
وقال النووي في :شرح مسلم :
" وَأَمَّا الأَحَادِيث الْوَارِدَة فِي النَّهْي عَنْ ثَمَن الْكَلْب إِلا كَلْب صَيْد , وَأَنَّ عُثْمَان غَرَّمَ إِنْسَانًا ثَمَن كَلْب قَتَلَهُ عِشْرِينَ بَعِيرًا , وَعَنْ اِبْن عَمْرو بْن الْعَاصِ التَّغْرِيم فِي إِتْلافه فَكُلّهَا ضَعِيفَة بِاتِّفَاقِ أَئِمَّة الْحَدِيث " انتهى .
ثالثًا:
إذا احتاج إلى الكلب للصيد أو الحراسة ولم يجد أحدًا يعطيه إياه إلا بالبيع ، جاز له أن يشتريه ، ويكون الإثم على البائع ، لأنه باع ما لا يجوز له بيعه .
قال ابن حزم في "المحلى" 7/493 :
" وَلا يَحِلُّ بَيْعُ كَلْبٍ أَصْلا , لا كَلْبَ صَيْدٍ وَلا كَلْبَ مَاشِيَةٍ , وَلا غَيْرَهُمَا , فَإِنْ اضْطُرَّ إلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَجِدْ مَنْ يُعْطِيه إيَّاهُ فَلَهُ ابْتِيَاعُهُ , وَهُوَ حَلالٌ لِلْمُشْتَرِي حَرَامٌ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ ، يَنْتَزِعُ مِنْهُ الثَّمَنَ مَتَى قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ , كَالرِّشْوَةِ فِي دَفْعِ الظُّلْمِ , وَفِدَاءِ الأَسِيرِ , وَمُصَانَعَةِ الظَّالِمِ وَلا فَرْقَ " انتهى .



المصدر: الإسلام سؤال وجواب

[أم أبي التراب]

Prohibition on selling dogs

Question
What is ruling on buying and selling dogs?.
Answer

Praise be to Allah.
Firstly: In the answer to question no. 69777 , we have stated that it is haraam to keep dogs, and that the one who keeps a dog will have two qiraats deducted from his reward every day, except for dogs that are kept for hunting, guarding livestock and guarding crops, which it is permissible to keep.
Secondly: There are many ahaadeeth narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) which state that it is forbidden to sell dogs. The general meaning of these ahaadeeth include all kinds of dogs, those which it is permissible to keep and those which it is not permissible to keep. These ahaadeeth include the following:
1 – al-Bukhaari (1944) narrated that Abu Juhayfah said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade the price of a dog.
2 – al-Bukhaari (2083) and Muslim (2930) narrated from Abu Mas’ood al-Ansaari that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade the price of a dog, the wages of a prostitute and the fee of a fortuneteller.
3 – Abu Dawood (3021) narrated that ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah forbade the price of a dog, and if a person comes asking for the price of a dog, then fill his hand with dust.” Al-Haafiz said: Its isnaad is saheeh; it was classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood.
4 – Abu Dawood (3023) narrated that Abu Hurayrah said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The price of a dog, the fee of a fortuneteller and the wages of a prostitute are not permissible.” Al-Haafiz said: its isnaad is hasan. Al-Albaani classed it as saheeh in Saheeh Abi Dawood.
Al-Nawawi said in Sharh Muslim:
The prohibition on the price of a dog and the fact that it is among the most evil of earnings and is something vile indicates that it is haraam to sell dogs; the transaction is not valid and the price is not halaal and the one who destroys it is not obliged to repay its value, regardless of whether the dog is trained or not, or whether it is one that it is permissible to keep or not. This is the view of the majority of scholars, including Abu Hurayrah, al-Hasan al-Basri, Rabee’ah, al-Awzaa’i, al-Hakam, Hammaad, al-Shaafa’i, Ahmad, Dawood, Ibn al-Mundhir and others. Abu Haneefah said: The sale of dogs which bring some benefit is permissible, and the one who destroys them must repay their value. Ibn al-Mundhir narrated from Jaabir, ‘Ata’ and al-Nakha’i that it is permissible to sell a hunting dog but not any other kind… The evidence of the majority is these ahaadeeth. End quote.
Al-Haafiz said:
The apparent meaning of the prohibition is that it is haraam to sell them. This is general in meaning and includes all dogs, trained and otherwise, whether it is permissible to keep them or not. This also implies that the one who destroys them is not obliged to repay their value. This is the view of the majority. End quote.
Ibn Qudaamah said in al-Mughni:
There is no dispute that sales of dogs are invalid, no matter what kind of dog it is. End quote.
It says in Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah (13/36):
It is not permissible to sell dogs, and their price is not halaal, whether they are guard dogs, hunting dogs or any other kind, because of the hadeeth narrated by Abu Mas’ood ‘Aqabah ibn ‘Amr (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade the price of a dog, the wages of a prostitute and the fee of a fortuneteller. Saheeh – agreed upon, end quote.
Shaykh Ibn Baaz said:
The sale of a dog is invalid. End quote.
Majmoo’ Fataawa Ibn Baaz, 19/39
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen said in al-Sharh al-Mumti’ (8/90):
It is not permissible to sell dogs; even if they are sold for hunting, that is not permissible. End quote.
Secondly:
Those who regard it as permissible to sell hunting dogs quote as evidence the hadeeth narrated by al-Nasaa’i (4589) from Jaabir ibn ‘Abd-Allaah (may Allaah be pleased with him), according to which the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade the price of dogs and cats, except for hunting dogs.
This exception in the hadeeth – “except for hunting dogs” – is da’eef (weak).
Al-Nasaa’i said, after quoting the hadeeth: This is munkar (a type of weak hadeeth).
Al-Sindi said in Haashiyat al-Nasaa’i: It is da’eef according to the consensus of the muhadditheen (scholars of hadeeth).
Al-Nawawi said in Sharh Muslim:
With regard to the ahaadeeth that have been narrated about the prohibition on the price of a dog except for hunting dogs, and that ‘Uthmaan gave twenty camels in compensation to a man for a dog that he killed, and the report from Ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas about paying compensation for destroying a dog – all of these are da’eef according to the consensus of the hadeeth scholars. End quote.
Thirdly:
If a person needs a dog for hunting or guarding and cannot find anyone to give him a dog except by selling it, it is permissible for him to buy it, and the sin will be on the seller, because he has sold something that he is not permitted to sell.
Ibn Hazm said in al-Muhalla (7/493):
It is not permissible to sell a dog at all, whether it is a hunting dog or a herding dog, or any other kind. If a person is forced to buy a dog and cannot find someone to give him one, then he may buy it, and it is halaal for the buyer and haraam for the seller, and the buyer may take back his money whenever he is able. This is like a bribe in order to ward off oppression and ransoms for freeing prisoners and appeasing an oppressor. There is no difference. End quote.
Source:Islam Q&A