هل في نذر المعصية كفارَّة ؟ Is there any kafaarah (expiation) for a vow to commit sin?

[أم أبي التراب]

هل في نذر المعصية كفارَّة ؟

Is there any kafaarah (expiation) for a vow to commit sin?


السؤال

نذرت أن لا أكلم خالي ولا أدخل بيته ثم ندمت فهل عليّ كفارة ؟.
الجواب




الحمد لله عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " النذر نذران : فما كان لله فكفارته الوفاء ، وما كان للشيطان فلا وفاء فيه ، وعليه كفارة يمين " . رواه ابن الجارود في " المنتقى " ( 935 ) والبيهقي ( 10 / 72 ) . والحديث : صححه الشيخ الألباني في " السلسلة الصحيحة " ( 479 ) . قال الشيخ الألباني : [ وفي الحديث ] دليل على أمرين اثنين : الأول : أن النذر إذا كان طاعة لله وجب الوفاء به ، وأن ذلك كفارته ، وقد صحَّ عنه صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " من نذر أن يطيع الله فليطعه ، ومن نذر أن يعصي الله فلا يعصه " . متفق عليه . والآخر : أنَّ من نذر نذراً فيه عصيان للرحمن وإطاعة للشيطان : فلا يجوز الوفاء به ، وعليه الكفارة كفارة اليمين ، وإذا كان النذر مكروهاً أو مباحاً : فعليه الكفارة من باب أولى ، ولعموم قوله - عليه الصلاة والسلام - " كفَّارة النَّذر كفَّارة اليمين " . أخرجه مسلم وغيره من حديث عقبة بن عامر - رضي الله عنه - وهو مخرَّج في " الإرواء " ( 8 / 210 ) . وما ذكرنا من الأمر الأول والثاني : متفق عليه بين العلماء ، إلا في وجوب الكفَّارة في المعصية ونحوها ، فالقول به مذهب الإمام أحمد وإسحاق ، كما قال الترمذي ( 1 / 288 ) ، وهو مذهب الحنفيَّة أيضاً ، وهو الصواب ، لهذا الحديث وما في معناه ممَّا أشرنا إليه . " السلسلة الصحيحة " ( الحديث : 479 ).

الإسلام سؤال وجواب
الشيخ محمد صالح المنجد*

[أم أبي التراب]

Is there any kafaarah (expiation) for a vow to commit sin?

I vowed that I would not speak to my maternal uncle or enter his house, then I regretted that. Do I have to offer kafaarah?

Praise be to Allaah. It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Vows are of two kinds: a vow that was for the sake of Allaah is expiated by being fulfilled, and that which was for the Shaytaan should not be fulfilled, and he has to offer expiation as in the case of kafaarat yameen (expiation for breaking a oath).”
Narrated by Ibn al-Jaarood in al-Muntaqaa, 935; al-Bayhaqi, 10/72.
This hadeeth was classed as saheeh by Shaykh al-Albaani in al-Silsilat al-Saheehah, 479.
Shaykh al-Albaani said:
[In this hadeeth] there is evidence of two things:
1 – That if a vow concerns an act of worship towards Allaah, then it must be fulfilled, and that is its expiation. It was narrated in a saheeh report that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
“Whoever vows to do an act of obedience towards Allaah, then let him do it, and whoever vows to do an act of disobedience towards Allaah, then he should not do it.”
2 – Whoever swears a vow which involves disobeying the Most Merciful (Allaah) and obeying the Shaytaan is not permitted to fulfil it, and he has to offer expiation as in the case of kafaarat yameen [i.e., expiation for an unfulfilled oath]. If the vow concerns something makrooh (disliked), or he makes a vow to do something that is mubaah (permissible) [but he does not do it], then it is more apt that he should offer expiation, because of the general meaning of the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), “The expiation for a vow is kafaarat yameen.”
This was narrated by Muslim and others from the hadeeth of ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Aamir (may Allaah be pleased with him), and it is narrated in al-Irwaa’, 8/210.
What we have mentioned here, both the first and second points, is agreed upon by the scholars, except with regard to the obligation of offering kafaarah for vows concerning sin and so on. The view that it is obligatory is the view of Imaam Ahmad and Ishaaq, as al-Tirmidhi said (1/288). It is also the view of the Hanafis, and this is the correct view because of the hadeeth quoted above and what we have stated above.
Al-Silsilah al-Saheehah, hadeeth 479.

Islam Q&A
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid*