أحكام ومسائل في الصلاة على الكرسي Rulings and issues about praying on a chair

[أم أبي التراب]

أحكام ومسائل في الصلاة على الكرسي

Rulings and issues about praying on a chair

السؤال

في صلاة التراويح يحتاج بعض المصلين للكرسي وقد علمنا أنه يضع أرجل الكرسي الخلفية بمحاذاة الصف هذا إذا كان جالسًا على الكرسي طوال الصلاة ، لكن السؤال : كيف يكون اصطفافه في الحالات التالية :
1. يجلس على الكرسي أثناء الوقوف فقط ؟
2. يجلس على الكرسي أثناء الركوع أو السجود أو التشهد ؟
3. يجلس على الكرسي في أجزاء متفرقة من الصلاة ؟.
نص الجواب

الحمد لله
أولًا :
القيام والركوع والسجود من أركان الصلاة ، فمن استطاع فعلها وجب عليه فعلها على هيئتها الشرعية ، ومن عجز عنها لمرضٍ أو كبر سنٍّ فله أن يجلس على الأرض أو على كرسي .
قال تعالى" حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ " البقرة/238 .
وعن عمران بن حصين رضي الله عنه قال : كانت بي بواسير فسألت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الصلاة فقال " صَلِّ قَائِمًا ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَقَاعِدًا ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَى جَنْبٍ " . رواه البخاري : 1066 .
قال ابن قدامة المقدسي :
أجمع أهل العلم على أن من لا يطيق القيام له أن يصلي جالسًا ." المغني " 1 / 443 .
وقال النووي :
أجمعت الأمة على أن من عجز عن القيام في الفريضة صلاها قاعداً ولا إعادة عليه ، قال أصحابنا : ولا ينقص ثوابه عن ثوابه في حال القيام ؛ لأنه معذور ، وقد ثبت في صحيح البخاري أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " إِذَا مَرِضَ الْعَبْدُ أَوْ سَافَرَ كُتِبَ لَهُ مَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ مُقِيمًا صَحِيحًا " ." المجموع " 4 / 226 .
وقال الشوكاني :
وحديث عمران يدل على أنه يجوز لمن حصل له عذر لا يستطيع معه القيام أن يصلي قاعداً ولمن حصل له عذر لا يستطيع معه القعود أن يصلي على جنبه ." نيل الأوطار " 3 / 243 .
وقال شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية :
" وَقَدْ اتَّفَقَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُصَلِّيَ إذَا عَجَزَ عَنْ بَعْضِ وَاجِبَاتِهَا كَالْقِيَامِ أَوْ الْقِرَاءَةِ أَوْ الرُّكُوعِ أَوْ السُّجُودِ أَوْ سَتْرِ الْعَوْرَةِ أَوْ اسْتِقْبَالِ الْقِبْلَةِ أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ سَقَطَ عَنْهُ مَا عَجَزَ عَنْهُ " انتهى من مجموع الفتاوى .8/437 .
وبناءً على ذلك : فإن من صلى الفريضة جالسًا وهو قادر على القيام فصلاته باطلة .
ثانيًا :
ومما ينبغي التنبه له : أنه إذا كان معذورًا في ترك القيام فلا يبيح له عذره هذا الجلوس على الكرسي لركوعه وسجوده .
وإذا كان معذورًا في ترك الركوع والسجود على هيئتهما فلا يبيح له عذره هذا عدم القيام والجلوس على الكرسي .
فالقاعدة في واجبات الصلاة : أن ما استطاع المصلي فعله ، وجب عليه فعله ، وما عجز عن فعله سقط عنه .
فمن كان عاجزًا عن القيام جاز له الجلوس على الكرسي أثناء القيام ، ويأتي بالركوع والسجود على هيئتهما ، فإن استطاع القيام وشقَّ عليه الركوع والسجود : فيصلي قائماً ثم يجلس على الكرسي عند الركوع والسجود ، ويجعل سجوده أخفض من ركوعه .
انظر السؤال :9307 ، 36738 .
قال ابن قدامة المقدسي :
ومن قدر على القيام وعجز عن الركوع أو السجود : لم يسقط عنه القيام ، ويصلي قائماً فيومئ بالركوع ، ثم يجلس فيومئ بالسجود ، وبهذا قال الشافعي …
لقول الله تعالى " وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ " ، وقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " صل قائمًا "؛ ولأن القيام ركن لمن قدر عليه ، فلزمه الإتيان به كالقراءة ، والعجز عن غيره لا يقتضي سقوطه كما لو عجز عن القراءة . انتهى من "المغني" 1/444 باختصار .
وقال الشيخ عبد العزيز بن باز رحمه الله :
الواجب على من صلى جالسا على الأرض ، أو على الكرسي ، أن يجعل سجوده أخفض من ركوعه ، والسنة له أن يجعل يديه على ركبتيه في حال الركوع ، أما في حال السجود فالواجب أن يجعلهما على الأرض إن استطاع ، فإن لم يستطع جعلهما على ركبتيه ، لما ثبت عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال " أمرت أن أسجد على سبعة أعظم : الجبهة - وأشار إلى أنفه - واليدين ، والركبتين ، وأطراف القدمين ".
ومن عجز عن ذلك وصلي على الكرسي فلا حرج في ذلك ، لقول الله سبحانه " فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ " وقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم" إِذَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِأَمْرٍ فَأْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ " متفق على صحته .
" فتاوى ابن باز " 12 / 245 ، 246 .
ثالثًا :
وأما وضع الكرسي في الصف فقد ذكر العلماء رحمهم الله أن العبرة فيمن صلى جالسًا مساواة الصف بمقعدته ، فلا يتقدم أو يتأخر عن الصف بها ، لأنها الموضع الذي يستقر عليه البدن .
وانظر : "أسنى المطالب" 1/222 ، "تحفة المحتاج" 2/157 ، "شرح منتهى الإرادات" 1/279 .
وجاء في "الموسوعة الفقهية" 6/21 :
" يُشْتَرَطُ لِصِحَّةِ الاقْتِدَاءِ "أي اقتداء المأموم بالإمام" أَلا يَتَقَدَّمَ الْمُقْتَدِي إمَامَهُ فِي الْمَوْقِفِ عِنْدَ جُمْهُورِ الْفُقَهَاءِ " الْحَنَفِيَّةِ وَالشَّافِعِيَّةِ وَالْحَنَابِلَةِ " . . .
وَالاعْتِبَارُ فِي التَّقَدُّمِ وَعَدَمِهِ لِلْقَائِمِ بِالْعَقِبِ , وَهُوَ مُؤْخِرُ الْقَدَمِ لا الْكَعْبِ , فَلَوْ تَسَاوَيَا فِي الْعَقِبِ وَتَقَدَّمَتْ أَصَابِعُ الْمَأْمُومِ لِطُولِ قَدَمِهِ لَمْ يَضُرَّ . . . . . وَالْعِبْرَةُ فِي التَّقَدُّمِ بِالأَلْيَةِ لِلْقَاعِدِينَ , وَبِالْجَنْبِ لِلْمُضْطَجِعِينَ " انتهى .
فإن كان المصلي سيجلس على الكرسي من أول الصلاة إلى آخرها فإنه يحاذي الصف بموضع جلوسه .
فإن كان سيصلي قائماً ، غير أنه سيجلس على الكرسي في موضع الركوع والسجود ، فقد سألنا فضيلة الشيخ عبد الرحمن البراك عن هذا فأفاد بأن العبرة بالقيام . فيحاذي الصف عند قيامه .
وعلى هذا سيكون الكرسي خلف الصف ، فينبغي أن يكون في موضع بحيث لا يتأذى به من خلفه من المصلين .
والله تعالى أعلم .


المصدر: الإسلام سؤال وجواب.

[أم أبي التراب]

Rulings and issues about praying on a chair

Question

During Taraweeh prayer, some worshippers need to sit on a chair. We know that the rear legs of the chair should be placed in line with the row if the person is going sit throughout the prayer, but my question is: how should it be lined up in the following cases:
1- When the person sit on the chair during the standing only
2- When he sits on the chair during bowing, prostration or the tashahhud
3- When he sits on the chair during various parts of the prayer?.

Answer

Praise be to Allaah. Firstly:
Standing, bowing and prostrating are pillars or essential parts of the prayer. Whoever can do them, it is obligatory for him to do them in the manner prescribed in sharee’ah. Whoever is not able to do them because of sickness or old age, it is Sunnah for him to sit on the ground or on a chair.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Guard strictly (five obligatory) As‑Salawaat (the prayers) especially the middle Salaah (i.e. the best prayer ‑ ‘Asr). And stand before Allaah with obedience [and do not speak to others during the Salaah (prayers)]”
[al-Baqarah 2:238]
It was narrated that ‘Imraan ibn Husayn (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: I had haemorrhoids so I asked the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) about praying. He said: “Pray standing up; if you cannot, then pray sitting down; and if you cannot, then pray (lying) on your side.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1066.
Ibn Qudaamah al-Maqdisi said:
The scholars are unanimously agreed that if a person cannot stand then he may pray sitting down. Al-Mughni, 1/443
Al-Nawawi said:
The ummah is unanimously agreed that whoever is unable to stand during the obligatory prayer may pray sitting, and he does not have to repeat it. Our companions said: his reward will not be less than the reward for praying standing, because he is excused. It is proven in Saheeh al-Bukhaari that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If a person is sick or travelling, the same reward will be written for him with regard to what he used to do when he was not travelling and was healthy.”
Al-Majmoo’, 4/226
Al-Shawkaani said:
The hadeeth of ‘Imraan indicates that it is permissible for one who has an excuse and cannot stand to pray sitting, and for one who has an excuse and cannot pray sitting to pray lying on his side.
Nayl al-Awtaar, 3/243
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said:
The Muslims are agreed that if a worshipper is unable to do some of the obligatory duties of prayer, such as standing, reciting, bowing, prostrating, covering the ‘awrah, facing the qiblah etc, then what he is unable to do is waived for him. End quote from Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 8/437
Based on that, if a person offers an obligatory prayer sitting when he is able to stand, his prayer is invalid.
Secondly:
It should be noted that if a person is exempted from standing, his excuse does not make it permissible for him to sit on the chair to bow and prostrate.
If he is exempted from bowing and prostrating in the proper manner, that excuse does not make it permissible for him not to stand and to sit on the chair instead.
The basic principle with regard to the obligatory duties of prayer is that whatever the worshipper can do, he is obliged to do it, and whatever he is unable to do, is waived for him.
Whoever is unable to stand, it is permissible for him to sit on a chair during the standing, and he should bow and prostrate in the proper manner. If he is able to stand but it is difficult for him to bow and prostrate, he should pray standing, then sit on the chair when bowing and prostrating, and he should bend lower for the prostration than for the bowing.
See also question no. 9307 and 36738.
Ibn Qudaamah al-Maqdisi said:
If a person is able to stand but he cannot bow or prostrate, the standing is not waived for him; he should pray standing and tilt his head for the bowing, then sit down and tilt his head for the prostration. This is the view of al-Shaafa’i…
Because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): “And stand before Allaah with obedience” [al-Baqarah 2:238], and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Pray standing.” And because standing is one of the pillars (essential parts of prayer) for the one who is able to do it, so he must do it, like the recitation. Being unable to do other things does not mean that this is waived, as is also the case if he is unable to recite. End quote from al-Mughni, 1/44.
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
The one who prays sitting on the ground or on a chair must make his prostration lower than his bowing. The Sunnah is for him to put his hands on his knees when bowing, and when prostrating the Sunnah is to put them on the ground if possible; if he cannot do that then he should put them on his knees, because it was proven that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I have been commanded to prostrate on seven bones: the forehead – and he pointed to his nose – the two hands, the two knees, and the edges of the two feet (i.e., the toes).”
If a person is unable to do that and prays on a chair, there is nothing wrong with that, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“So keep your duty to Allaah and fear Him as much as you can”
.al-Taghaabaun 64:16
and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If I tell you to do a thing, then do as much of it as you can.” Saheeh – agreed upon.
Fataawa Ibn Baaz, 12/245, 246.
Thirdly:
With regard to the placement of the chair in the row, the scholars (may Allaah have mercy on them) stated that the one who prays sitting down should have his posterior in line with the row when he is sitting, so he should not be in front of the row or behind it at that point, because that is the place in which the body settles.
See Asnaa al-Mataalib, 1/222; Tuhfat al-Muhtaaj, 2/157; Sharh Muntaha al-Iraadaat, 1/279.
It says in al-Mawsoo’ah al-Fiqhiyyah (6/21):
In order for a person’s following the imam to be valid, he should not stand in front of the imam according to the majority of fuqaha’ (Hanafis, Shaafaa’is and Hanbalis).
How do we know whether he is in front of the imam or not, it is judged by where the heels are. If they are standing level at the heel and the toes of the one who is praying behind the imam turn out to be in front because he has longer feet, that does not matter. With regard to those who are sitting, it is judged by where the posterior is. And with regard to those who are praying on their sides, it is judged by their sides.
If the worshipper is going to pray on the chair from the beginning of the prayer until the end, then he should make the place where he will sit level with the row.
If he is going to pray standing, but he will sit on the chair when he bows and prostrates, we asked Shaykh ‘Abd al-Rahmaan al-Barraak about that, and he said that what matters here is the standing position, so he should be level with the row when standing.
Based on this, the chair will be behind the row, so it should be placed in such a manner that it will not disturb worshippers in the row behind.
And Allaah knows best.


Source: Islam Q&A