هل والد الزوج السابق محرم ؟ Is the father of one’s ex-husband a mahram?

[أم أبي التراب]

هل والد الزوج السابق محرم ؟

Is the father of one’s ex-husband a mahram?

السؤال
كيف يجب أن تكون علاقة المسلمة بوالد زوجها السابق ؟ هل يجب أن تتحجب عند حضوره ؟.
نص الجواب
الحمد لله
والد الزوج يعتبر محرمًا للمرأة حتى لو طلقها زوجها لقوله تعالى في بيان المحرمات من النساء" وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ " النساء:23 .
والمحرمية هنا تثبت بمجرد العقد ، فلو عقد رجل على امرأة فإن والد الرجل يكون محرماً لزوجة ابنه ولو لم يدخل بها .
وهذا ما يسميه العلماء بالمحارم بالمصاهرة .
والمحرمات بالمصاهرة أربعة أصناف :
1- ما نكح الأب : أي زوجة الأب وأيضًا زوجات الأجداد ) وذلك لقوله تعالى "وَلَا تَنكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُم مِّنَ النِّسَاءِ " النساء / 23 .
2- أم الزوجة وجداتها لقوله تعالى " وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ... " النساء / 23 .
3- الربيبة - بنت الزوجة من رجل آخر - والربيبة لا تحرم إلا إذا كان الرجل قد دخل بأمها ، وأما إذا عقد على أمها فقط ولم يدخل بها لم تحرم عليه بنتها ، لقوله تعالى " وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُم مِّن نِّسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ فَإِن لَّمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ" النساء / 23 .
4- زوجة الابن وأيضًا زوجات الأحفاد ، وذلك لقوله تعالى" وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ " النساء:23.

انتهى من جامع أحكام النساء للعدوي 5/302.
قال الشيخ محمد ابن عثيمين رحمه الله :
" قال تعالى " وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُم مِّن نِّسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ فَإِن لَّمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْوَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ " النساء:23.
فهؤلاء الثلاث محرمات بالصهر فقوله : أمهات نسائكم يعني أنه يحرم على الرجل أم زوجته وجدتها وإن علت " يعني أم الجدة وأمها ... الخ " سواء من قِبل الأم أم من قبل الأب وتحرم عليه بمجرد العقد .
فإذا عقد الرجل على امرأة حرمت عليه أمها وصارت من محارمه وإن لم يدخل بها - يعني وإن لم يدخل بالبنت – فلو قُدِّر أن البنت ماتت أو طلقها فإنه يكون محرماً لأمها ، ولو قدر أنه تأخر دخوله على المرأة التي تزوجها فإنه يكون محرماً لأمها تكشف وجهها عنده ويسافر بها ويخلو بها ولا حرج عليه ؛ لأن أم الزوجة وجداتها يحرمن لمجرد العقد لعموم قوله تعالى : وأمهات نسائكم ، والمرأة تكون من نساء الزوج بمجرد العقد ...
وقوله تعالى "وَحَلائِلُ أَبْنائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلابِكُمْ"النساء:23. المراد بذلك زوجة الابن وإن نزل " يعني ابن الابن وابنه .... الخ " حرام على أبيه بمجرد العقد وزوجة ابن الابن حرام على جده بمجرد العقد ، ولهذا لو عقد شخص على امرأة عقدًا صحيحًا ثم طلقها في الحال كانت محرمة على أبيه وجده وإن علا لعموم قوله "وَحَلائِلُ أَبْنائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلابِكُمْ" والمرأة تكون حليلة لزوجها لمجرد العقد "
انتهى من كتاب الفتاوى الجامعة للمرأة المسلمة 2/591 .

المصدر: الإسلام سؤال وجواب

[أم أبي التراب]

Is the father of one’s ex-husband a mahram?



Question

As a woman of Islaam what should my relationship with my ex father-in-law be? Is it necessary for me to cover in his presence?.

Answer

Praise be to Allaah. The husband’s father is considered to be a woman’s mahram even if her husband divorces her, because Allaah says, stating who a one’s mahrams are (interpretation of the meaning):
“the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins”
[al-Nisa’ 4:23]
In this case, the father-in-law becomes a mahram simply as soon as the marriage contract is completed; if a man makes a marriage contract with a woman, then the man’s father becomes a mahram for his son’s wife, even if the marriage is not consummated.
This is what the scholars called al-mahaarim bi’l-musaaharah (mahrams by marriage).
The women who become mahrams through marriage are of four types:
1 – Women married by one’s father (i.e., father’s wife and also grandfathers’ wives). Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And marry not women whom your fathers married”
[al-Nisa’ 4:22]
2 – One’s wife’s mother or grandmother:
“Forbidden to you (for marriage) are… your wives’ mothers…”
[al-Nisa’ 4:23 – interpretation of the meaning]
3 – One’s stepdaughter (a wife’s daughter by a previous husband). The stepdaughter is not a mahram unless the man has consummated the marriage with her mother. If he simply made a marriage contract with her but did not consummate the marriage, then she is not a mahram, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“your stepdaughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to whom you have gone in — but there is no sin on you if you have not gone in them”
[al-Nisa’ 4:23 – interpretation of the meaning]
4 – One’s son’s wife and one’s grandsons’ wives, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins”
[al-Nisa’ 4:23 – interpretation of the meaning]
From Jaami’ Ahkaam al-Nisa’ by al-‘Adawi, 5/302
Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“… your wives’ mothers, your stepdaughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to whom you have gone in — but there is no sin on you if you have not gone in them (to marry their daughters), — the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins …”
[al-Nisa’ 4:23]
These three are mahrams by marriage. The phrase “your wives’ mothers” means that it is haraam for a man to marry the mother or grandmother of his wife, no matter how far the line of ascent reaches (i.e., great-grandmother, etc), whether that is through the mother’s line or the father’s. She becomes his mahram as soon as the marriage contract is done.
If a man makes a marriage contract with a woman, it becomes haraam for him to marry her mother and she becomes one of his mahrams even if the marriage with her daughter is not consummated. If it so happens that the daughter dies or he divorces her, then he is still a mahram for her mother. If it so happens that consummation of the marriage is delayed, then he is still a mahram to her mother; she may uncover her face in front of him and he may travel with her and be alone with her, and there is no sin on him, because the mother and grandmother of the woman become mahrams as soon as the marriage contract is done, because Allaah says “your wives’ mothers”, and a woman becomes a man’s wife as soon as the marriage contract is done.
The phrase “the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins” means that it becomes haraam for a man to marry the wife of his son or grandson, no matter how far the line of descent extends, as soon as the marriage contract is done. The wife of one’s son’s son (grandson) becomes a mahram to the grandfather as soon as the marriage contract is done. Hence if a man makes a valid marriage contract with a woman, then he divorces her immediately thereafter, she becomes a mahram for his father and grandfather, no matter how far the line of ascent reaches, because of the general meaning of the phrase, “the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins”. The woman becomes permissible for her husband as soon as the marriage contract is done.
From al-Fataawa al-Jaami’ah li’l-Mar’ah al-Muslimah, 2/591.

Source: Islam Q&A