كان الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم أزهد الناس في الدنيا The Messenger (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) was the least interested of all people in worldly gain Le Messager (Bénédiction et salut soi

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كان الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم أزهد الناس في الدنيا

The Messenger (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) was the least interested of all people in worldly gain

Le Messager (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) était l'homme le plus renoncé au monde

السؤال

هل كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم زاهداً ، وما هي الأدلة من القرآن والسنة ؟
نص الجواب





الحمد لله
كَانَ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أزهد النَّاس في الدنيا ، وكان زهده صلى الله عليه وسلم اختياريًا ، فلو شاء لجعل الله له الجبال ذهبًا ، وقد فتح الله تعالى له البلاد ، وجعل له خمس الغنائم حقاً له ، وكان له نصف مزارع خيبر ، ومع ذلك .. كان يتصدق بكل ما يأتيه من الأموال ، ويبقى ينام على الأرض ، ولا يجد شيئًا يأكله .
ولما تكلم بعض الناس على تقسيم الغنائم قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم "إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِي مِنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ شَيْءٌ، إِلَّا الْخُمُسَ ، وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ عَلَيْكُمْ" رواه أبو داود (2694) وصححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود .أي أن الخمس الذي كان حقاً له من الغنائم لم يكن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يأخذه لنفسه ، بل كان يتصدق به على المسلمين .
وكان صلى الله عليه وسلم يدعو فيقول " اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ رِزْقَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ قُوتًا " مسلم (1055) .
فيسأل الله تعالى أن يرزقه حد الكفاية ، ولم يكن صلى الله عليه وسلم يطلب أكثر من ذلك .
وهذه بعض الأحاديث التي تصف زهد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم :
عن عَائِشَة رضي الله عَنْهَا قالت "مَا شَبِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ تِبَاعًا مِنْ خُبْزِ بُرٍّ حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ" رواه البخاري (5374) ومسلم (2970) .
وقالت أيضا رضي الله عنها "إِنْ كُنَّا لَنَنْظُرُ إِلَى الْهِلَالِ ثُمَّ الْهِلَالِ ثُمَّ الْهِلَالِ ، ثَلَاثَةَ أَهِلَّةٍ فِي شَهْرَيْنِ ، وَمَا أُوقِدَ فِي أَبْيَاتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَارٌ ، فسئلت : فَمَا كَانَ يُعَيِّشُكُمْ ؟ قَالَتْ : الْأَسْوَدَانِ التَّمْرُ وَالْمَاءُ ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جِيرَانٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ وَكَانَتْ لَهُمْ مَنَائِحُ ، فَكَانُوا يُرْسِلُونَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ أَلْبَانِهَا فَيَسْقِينَاهُ" رواه البخاري (2567) ومسلم (2972) .
وعنها رضي الله عنها قالت "تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَا فِي رَفِّي مِنْ شَيْءٍ يَأْكُلُهُ ذُو كَبِدٍ إِلَّا شَطْرُ شَعِيرٍ" رواه البخاري :3097- ومسلم :2973 .
وقالت رضي الله عنها "لَقَدْ مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَا شَبِعَ مِنْ خُبْزٍ وَزَيْتٍ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ" مسلم :2974 .
وعن النعمان بن بشير رضي الله عنه قال "ذَكَرَ عُمَرُ مَا أَصَابَ النَّاسُ مِنْ الدُّنْيَا فَقَالَ : لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَظَلُّ الْيَوْمَ يَلْتَوِي مَا يَجِدُ دَقَلًا يَمْلَأُ بِهِ بَطْنَهُ" الدقل : رديء التمر . رواه مسلم :2978 .
وعن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه "مَا أَكَلَ النَّبِىُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم خُبْزًا مُرَقَّقًا ، وَلاَ شَاةً مَسْمُوطَةً حَتَّى لَقِىَ اللَّهَ" – مسموطة : أي : مشوية - رواه البخاري :5385.
وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال "كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَبِيتُ اللَّيَالِي الْمُتَتَابِعَةَ طَاوِيًا ، وَأَهْلُهُ لاَ يَجِدُونَ عَشَاءً ، وَكَانَ أَكْثَرُ خُبْزِهِمْ خُبْزَ الشَّعِيرِ" رواه الترمذي:2360. وحسنه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي .
وعن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه"أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يربط على بطنه الحجر من الغرث – يعني الجوع -" رواه ابن الأعرابي في "المعجم" 21. وحسنه الألباني في "السلسلة الصحيحة" 1615 .
وقال عمرو بن الحارث رضي الله عنه "مَا تَرَكَ النَّبِىُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِلاَّ سِلاَحَهُ وَبَغْلَتَهُ الْبَيْضَاءَ ، وَأَرْضًا تَرَكَهَا صَدَقَةً" رواه البخاري :3098 .
وعن عَبْد اللهِ بن مسعود رضي الله عنه قَالَ "نَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى حَصِيرٍ فَقَامَ وَقَدْ أَثَّرَ فِي جَنْبِهِ ، فَقُلْنَا : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَوِ اتَّخَذْنَا لَكَ وِطَاءً ؟ فَقَالَ : مَا لِي وَلِلدُّنْيَا، مَا أَنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا إِلاَّ كَرَاكِبٍ اسْتَظَلَّ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاحَ وَتَرَكَهَا" رواه الترمذي :2377. وصححه الألباني في "سلسلة الأحاديث الصحيحة" 438 .
وأحاديث زهده صلى الله عليه وسلم في الدنيا أكثر من أن تحصر ، لكن فيما ذكرناه كفاية .
والله أعلم .


المصدر: الإسلام سؤال وجواب

[أم أبي التراب]

The Messenger (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) was the least interested of all people in worldly gain

Question

Was the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) an ascetic and what is the evidence for that from the Qur’an and Sunnah?

Answer





Praise be to Allah.
The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) was the least interested of all people in worldly gain, and his asceticism was by choice. If he had wanted, Allah would have turned the mountains into gold for him, and Allah, may He be exalted, enabled him to conquer land and allocated to him one fifth of the booty as his due, and half of the farmland of Khaybar became his… Yet he used to give in charity all the wealth that came to him, and he continued to sleep on the ground and not find anything to eat.
When some people spoke about the division of booty, the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “I have nothing of this booty except the khums [one-fifth that was allocated to him], and the khums is returned to you.” Narrated by Abu Dawood (2694); classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood. In other words, the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not take for himself the one fifth that was his due share of the booty; rather he used to give it in charity to the Muslims.
He (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) used to say in his supplication: “O Allah, make the provision of the family of Muhammad (no more than) sufficient.” Muslim (1055).
In other words, he asked Allah, may He be exalted, to grant him provision that was just enough, and he (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not seek any more than that.
There follow some of the hadiths which describe the asceticism of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and his lack of interest in worldly gain:
It was narrated that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) never ate his fill of wheat bread for three days in a row, until he passed away. Narrated by al-Bukhaari (5374) and Muslim (2970).
She (may Allah have mercy on her) also said: We used to look at the new moon, then the new moon, then the new moon, three new moons in two months, and no fire would be lit in the houses of the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). She was asked: What did you live on? She said: The two black ones, dates and water, but the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) had some neighbours from among the Ansaar and they had milch-animals; they would send some of their milk to the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), and he would give it to us to drink.
Narrated by al-Bukhaari (2567) and Muslim (2972)
It was narrated from her (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) died when there was nothing on my shelf that a living being could eat except a handful of barley.
Narrated by al-Bukhaari (3097) and Muslim (2973).
And she (may Allah be pleased with her) said: When the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) died, he had not eaten his fill of bread and olive oil twice in one day.
Muslim (2974)
It was narrated that an-Nu‘maan ibn Basheer (may Allah be pleased with him) said: ‘Umar mentioned what people had got of worldly gains and he said: I saw the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) spending the whole day suffering because of hunger, and he could not even find inferior-quality dates with which to fill his stomach.
Narrated by Muslim (2978)
It was narrated from Anas ibn Maalik (may Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) never ate soft bread or a roasted sheep until he met Allah.
Narrated by al-Bukhaari (5385).
It was narrated that Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) would remain hungry for several nights in a row, and his family would not be able to find any supper, and most of their bread was barley bread.
Narrated by at-Tirmidhi (2360); classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh at-Tirmidhi
It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) used to tie a stone to his stomach because of hunger. Narrated by Ibn al-A‘raabi in al-Mu‘jam (21); classed as hasan by al-Albaani in as-Silsilah as-Saheehah (1615)
‘Amr ibn al-Haarith (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) left nothing behind except his weapon, his white mule and some land that he left behind as a charity.
Narrated by al-Bukhaari (3098)
It was narrated that ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ood (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) slept on a reed mat, and when he got up it had left marks on his side. We said: O Messenger of Allah, why don’t we make a mattress for you? He said: “I have no need of worldly comfort; I am in this world like one who is on a journey, and halted to seek shade beneath a tree, then soon moved on and left it.”
Narrated by at-Tirmidhi (2377); classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Silsilat al-Ahaadeeth as-Saheehah (438)
The hadiths that speak of his asceticism and lack of interest in worldly gain are too many to be counted, but what we have quoted here is sufficient.
And Allah knows best.

Source: Islam Q&A

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Le Messager (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) était l'homme le plus renoncé au monde

Question

Le Prophète (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) est il renoncé au monde? Quels en sont les arguments triés du Coran et la Sunna?

Texte de la réponse





Louanges à Allah
Le Messager (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) avait choisi d'être l'homme le plus renoncé au monde. Si Allah l'avait voulu, Il aurait mis à sa disposition des montages d'or. Allah Très-haut lui permit de conquérir des pays et de se réserver le droit de prélever le cinquième du butin. Il disposait de la moitié des terres de culture de Khaybar. Pourtant, il donnait en aumône tous les biens qu'il recevait, dormait à même le sol et ne trouvait (parfois) rien à manger.
Quand certains remirent en cause sa redistribution du butin, le Prophète (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) dit: En vérité, rien du butin confisqué pacifiquement ne me revient, à l'exception du cinquième, encore que même cette par vous soit répartie. (Rapporté par Abou Dawoud,2694 et déclaré authentique par al-Albani dans Sahih Abou Dawoud). Ceci veut dire que même le cinquième du butin qui lui revenait de droit ne faisait pas l'objet d'une utilisation personnelle mais elle était redistribuée en aumône aux musulmans.
Le Prophète (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) disait dans ses invocations: Monseigneur! Maintiens la substance de la famille de Muhammad au strict minimum vital. (Rapporté par Mouslim,1055). Il demande ainsi à Allah Très-haut de lui attribuer le strict nécessaire. Il n'en demandait pas plus. Voici quelques hadiths qui décrivent à quel point le Prophète (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) renonçait au clinquant du monde:
- Aicha (P.A.a) a dit: Le Messager d'Allah (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) restait trois jours successifs sans manger du pain jusqu'à satiété durant toute sa vie. (Rapporté par al-Bokhari,5374 et par Mouslim,2970).
Aicha (P.A.a) dit encore: «Deux mois lunaires s'écoulaient et un troisième entrait sans que du feu (pour la cuisson) soit allumé dans les chambres du Messager d'Allah (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui).
- De quoi nourrissiez vous alors?
- Des deux (denrées) noires: la datte et l'eau. Il arrivait toutefois que des voisins du Messager d'Allah (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) issus des Ansari, qui possédaient des chamelles laitières lui en offraient et il le partageait avec nous. (Rapporté par al-Bokhari,2567 et par Mouslim,2972).
Aicha (P.A.a) dit encore: Le Messager d'Allah (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) décéda à un moment où nous ne possédions rien qui fût consommable par un être animal en dehors d'une poignet d'orge. (Rapporté par al-Bokhari , 3097 et par Mouslim,2973).
Aicha (P.A.a) dit enfin: Certes, le Messager d'Allah (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) décéda à un moment où il ne possédait pas assez de pain et d'huile pour se rassasier deux fois par jour. (Rapporté par Mouslim,2974).
An-Nou'man ibn Bachir (P.A.a) dit: Evoquant les difficultés de la vie, Omar dit: j'ai vu le Messager d'Allah (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) passer la journée en se tordant de faim puisqu'il ne trouvait même pas de mauvaises dattes pour se remplir le ventre. (Rapporté par Mouslim,2978).
Anas ibn Malick (P.A.a) a dit: Le Prophète (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) ne consomma jamais du pain affiné ni du méchoui jusqu'à sa rencontre avec son Maître.(Rapporté par al-Bokhari,5385).
Ibn Abbas (P.A.a) a dit: Le Messager d'Allah (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) passait des nuits successives affamé et sa famille aussi ne trouvait rien à manger. Ils se contentaient le plus souvent du pain d'orge. (Rapporté par at-Tirmidhi, 2360 et jugé bon par al-Albani dans Sahih at-Tirmidhi.
Abou Haourayra (P.A.a) a dit que le Messager d'Allah (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) attachait une pierre sur son ventre à cause de la faim.» (Rapporté par Ibn al-Arabi dans al-Mou'djam (21) et jugé bon par al-Albani dans as-silislah as-Sahiha (1615).
Amer ibn al-Harith (P.A.a) a dit: A son décès, le Prophète (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) ne laissa derrière lui que son arme, sa mule blanche et un terrain destiné à l'aumône. (Rapporté par al-Bokhari,3098).
Abdoullah ibn Massoud (P.A.a) a dit :«Le Messager d'Allah (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) dormit sur une natte qui laissa des traces su ses flancs. Nous lui dîmes:
-Pourquoi ne te trouves-tu pas un lit?
-Qu'aurais-je à faire de ce bas monde; je n'y suis que comme un cavalier qui se repose un instant à l'ombre d'un arbre avant de poursuivre sa marche. (Rapporté par at-Tirmidhi,2377 et jugé authentique par al-Albani dans as-silsilatoulahadith as-sahiha,438).

Source: Islam Q&A