فقه سجود السهوThe jurisprudence of prostration for forgetfulness

[أم أبي التراب]

There's Sahw by exceedance, which is Al Tasleem, he has to make Al Tasleem again to complete his prayer, and Sahw by decrease , which is praying Al Asr two rak'at instead of four.

Sheikh Al Othaimeen said in his short message of Sujuoud Al Sahw:
If the Imam made Al Tasleem before completing his prayer, then he remembered, and stood to compensate what he forgot, the people praying after him, who were praying what they missed, has the choice whether they complete what they missed and perform Sujuoud Al Sahw or follow the Imam, then pray what they missed and then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw... The last choice is preferable.

THIRD..DOUBT.
=============

Doubt is to be hesitant, which thing has occurred.

We don't pay attention to doubt in three cases:

1- If it's illusion, and not real like obsessives.

2- If it is repeated by someone that it is occurred in all Eibadat.

3- If it occurs after the prayer, one should not pay attention to it except if he is sure of it, then he acts according to what he is sure.

EXAMPLE
=========
One prayed Al Zuhr , then after he had finished he doubted whether he had prayed three or four rak'at, he doesn't pay attention to this, except if he was sure that he prayed three rak'at, so he completes his prayer and perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

But for these three cases, doubt is considered.

In the prayer doubt has two cases:

THE FIRST CASE..to be sure of one of the two possibilities, then he acts according to it, completes his prayer, performs Al Tasleem, then performs Sujuoud Al Sahw.

EXAMPLE
=========
Someone prayed Al Zuhr then he doubted whether this rak'a is the second or third one, but he oscilated that it's the third, so he makes it the third , then prays the fourth rak'a, performs Sujuoud Al Sahw, then performs Al Tasleem.

Abdullah Ibn Masoud narrated that the prophet, peace be upon him, said if anyone has doubts in his prayer he sees what is right, and completes his prayer according to it, performs Al Tasleem, then performs Sujuoud Al Sahw. Sahih Abi Dawood.


THE SECOND CASE...if someone isn't sure of anything, then he completes his prayer according to the less, (al yaqeen), and performs Sujuoud Al Sahw before Al Tasleem.

EXAMPLE
=========

عن أبي سعيد الخدري ـ رضي الله عنه ـ أن النبي ـ صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم ـ قال " إذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُمْ في صَلاتِهِ، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ كَمْ صَلَّى ثَلاثًا أمْ أرْبَعًا، فَلْيَطْرَحِ الشَّكَّ ولْيَبْنِ علَى ما اسْتَيْقَنَ، ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ أنْ يُسَلِّمَ، فإنْ كانَ صَلَّى خَمْسًا شَفَعْنَ* له صَلاتَهُ، وإنْ كانَ صَلَّى إتْمامًا لأَرْبَعٍ كانَتا * تَرْغِيمًا لِلشَّيْطانِ".

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported: The Prophet, peace be upon him said: When any one of you is in doubt about his prayer and he does Dot know how much he has prayed, three or four (rak'at). he should cast aside his doubt and base his prayer on what he is sure of. then perform two prostrations before giving Al Tasleem.. Sahih Moslem.

If he has prayed five rak'at, they will make his prayer an even number for him, and if he has prayed exactly four, they will be humiliation for the devil

[أم أبي التراب]

A BENEFIT..
==========

If someone has doubts and made as in the previous example, then he became sure that there is no increase or decrease in his prayer, he doesn't have to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw , as he became sure that his prayer is complete. Others say he has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw to humilate the devil, and because he had doubts in part of his prayer. And this the most preferred.

EXAMPLE
========

Someone prayed and doubted whether this rak'a is the second or the third, then he made it the second and completed his prayer, but after that he discovered that it's really the second:
The first opinion: he has no Sujoud Al sahw. This is correct.
The second opinion: he has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw which is the most preferred.

If the Imam forgets, the people praying after him (ma'momeen), should follow him in Sujuoud Al Sahw.

If the Imam forgets, the people praying after him should follow him in Sujuoud Al Sahw, even if they didn't forget.

إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ به، فلا تَخْتَلِفُوا عليه، فَإِذَا رَكَعَ، فَارْكَعُوا، وإذَا قالَ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَهُ، فَقُولوا: رَبَّنَا لكَ الحَمْدُ، وإذَا سَجَدَ فَاسْجُدُوا، وإذَا صَلَّى جَالِسًا، فَصَلُّوا جُلُوسًا أجْمَعُونَ، وأَقِيمُوا الصَّفَّ في الصَّلَاةِ، فإنَّ إقَامَةَ الصَّفِّ مِن حُسْنِ الصَّلَاةِ"

The prophet, peace be upon him, said, "The Imam is to be followed; say Takbir when he says it; bow when he bows; rise when he rises and when he says "Sami`a l-lahu liman hamidah," say, "Rabbana wa laka l-hamd", and prostrate if he prostrates...Sit like him if he sits in his prayer, and straighten your rows as the straightening of rows is essential for a perfect and correct prayer. Al Bukhari.

The people following the Imam (Ma'momeen) follow him whether he performed Sujuoud Al Sahw before or after Al Tasleem. But if the Imam performed Sujuoud Al Sahw after Al Tasleem, the followers, who missed some of the prayer and compensated it, couldn't follow him, they perform Al Tasleem then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

EXAMPLE
=========

If someone entered the prayer while the Imam is giving the fourth rak'a, and the Imam has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw after Al Tasleem, then this person completes his prayer, performs Al Tasleem, then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

A QUESTION
===========

If the Imam sees that Sujuoud Al Sahw is not obligatory and the Ma'mom (the one following the Imam) sees it's obligatory;
does the Ma'mom have to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw?

As in the first Tashahud, some scholars say it's sunnah, as Al Shaf'y, and it doesn't need Sujuoud Al Sahw.. The answer is No, because the Ma'mom has to follow his Imam.

There's argument between scholars, if the Imam has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw and he didn't perform it, the Ma'momeen made Al Tasbeeh to remind him, some say that the Ma'momeen have to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw as the prayer is deficient and they have to complete it. Others say that they have to follow the Imam..

If the Ma'mom forgets while praying after the Imam, he shouldn't perform Sujuoud Al Sahw, and the Imam bears the forgetfulness as most of the scholars said including the four Imams and others.

The Prophet 's companions used to forget while praying after the prophet, peace be upon him, if they were alone, they would perform Sujuoud Al Sahw but while praying after the prophet, they didn't perform it.. If they did it, they would transform it to us.. This is proved by the Hadeeth of Mu'awiya Ibn Al Hakam Al Salami who talked unintentionally in his prayer after the prophet and the prophet didn't ask him to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

Sheikh Ibn Al Othaimeen said that if the Ma'mom forgets anything in his prayer, he doesn't perform Sujuoud Al Sahw because he has to follow his Imam. The prophet's companions left the first Tashahud, when the prophet forgot it, and this to follow their Imam.

If the Ma'mom missed something in his prayer after the Imam or in what he prayed to compensate his prayer, he should perform Sujuoud Al Sahw either before or after Al Tasleem as we previously mentioned.

EXAMPLE
=========
Ma'mom forgot to say Sami'Allahu liman hamidah, he didn't miss any rukn, he has no Sujoud Al sahw, but if he forgot any rak'a or more he should perform it, then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw before Al Tasleem. Ibn Al Othaimeen.

[أم أبي التراب]

A BENEFIT
=========
If the Ma'mom has forgot two times, one needs Sujuoud Al Sahw before Al Tasleem and one after it, it is preferable to perform it before Al Tasleem. Al Othaimeen.

If he recites Quraan while Kneeling or prostrating unintentionally, is it obligatory to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw or is it sunnah?

Most of the scholars said it is not obligatory.

Mistakes of common people in prayer
=======================

Some people say "subhan he who doesn't forget or sleep" in Sujuoud Al Sahw. This saying has no evidence is Al Share (religion).

The prophet, peace be upon him, didn't say anything in Sujuoud Al Sahw, but he said the prayer usual zikr.
Saying "subhan he who doesn't forget or sleep", wasn't said by the prophet or any of his companions, and is not in sunnah. This was said by one of the mystics, he saw it in his dream, so we don't have to say it.. we should follow the right sunnah books.

Some leave Sujuoud Al Sahw, which is after Al Tasleem , if he forgets it .
Some jurists said, if there is along period of time, he doesn't perform Sujuoud Al Sahw .
Others said one should perform it as long as he still in the Mosque .
Others said he doesn't have to do it in both cases.

Ahmed said that he should do it if he left the Mosque and became away from it.
Determining time or place is not in share (religion).. Sheikh Al Islam said this also.

[أم أبي التراب]

FEEDBACK
=========

Somone forgot to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw, and a period of time passed or he lost his wudu', Scholars have two opinions concerning this issue: if someone doesn't lose his wudu':

The first: to repeat the prayer, this is the opinion of Abi Hanifa, Malek, Al Shaf'y and Ahmed. They said that it is one prayer, and it is not allowed to complete it if there's a long period of time or if anyone loses his wudu '.

The second: to complete the prayer and perform Sujuoud Al Sahw if someone doesn't lose his wudu '... This is said by Malek, old opinion of Al Shaf'y, it was said also by Yahia Ibn Sa'id Al Ansary, Al Laith, Ibn Hazm, and Ibn Taimia, who specified this opinion for Sujuoud Al Sahw which is after the prayer and was forgotten. They said this opinion because there's no limit for the time between prayer and Sujuoud Al Sahw... The prophet, peace be upon him, finished his prayer, talked, went out of the Mosque, entered his house, then he was told that he forgot something in his prayer, he returned to the Mosque, completed his prayer and performed Sujuoud Al Sahw...

قال صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم :
"مَن نَسِيَ صَلَاةً، أَوْ نَامَ عَنْهَا، فَكَفَّارَتُهَا أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا.ا

The prophet said that if anyone forgets to pray, or sleeps and misses a prayer, then let him pray when he remembers. Moslem.
The writer of this book said that this is a strong opinion, but it is better to repeat the prayer.

If someone lost his wudu ' after Al Tasleem, and his prayer was incomplete, his prayer is invalid. All Scholars agreed to this. If he forgot Sujuoud Al Sahw after Al Tasleem; because he had increased in his prayer, he could perform it after performing wudu ', this is to humilate devil, as said by Ibn Taimia. This is a strong opinion.

[أم أبي التراب]

FOLLOWING THE IMAM IF HE WAS ABSOLUTELY WRONG..

======================

Scholars have different opinions concerning this issue..The following is from sheikh Al Albani questions..

A QUESTION..
===========

In his fatwas Sheikh Al Islam Ibn Taimia said, if the Imam forgot and stood to make fifth rak'a, the people praying after him shouldn't follow him. Is this opposite to Hadith Ibn Mas’ud that the prophet prayed five rak'at and people followed him?

Sheikh Al Albani answered that this opinion has no evidence, on the opposite, there is Ibn Mas’ud hadith which we should remind people with.

حديث ابن مسعود كما في الصحيحين:
صَلَّى بنَا رَسولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليه وسلَّمَ خَمْسًا، فَقُلْنَا: يا رَسولَ اللهِ، أزِيدَ في الصَّلَاةِ، قالَ: وما ذَاكَ؟
قالوا:صَلَّيْتَ خَمْسًا، قالَ: إنَّما أنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ، أذْكُرُ كما تَذْكُرُونَ وأَنْسَى كما تَنْسَوْنَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ.

The prophet, peace be upon him, led us in the prayer, he prayed five rak'at, we said is there any increase in the prayer? he said why, we told him that he prayed five... then he said, "I prayed five. It's just that I'm human like you. I remember, you remember...Moslem.

People, who say that the Imam is not to be followed if he made a mistake, we tell them this hadith, but they say that this incident is before the legislation.. We tell them that if this is true the prophet would have told this to us... The legislation means after

الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ" دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ "لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا"

"This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islâm as your religion".

But the prophet died and didn't tell us anything new concerning this issue..So we have an evidence to follow the Imam completely even if he made any mistake.

"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمام ليؤتمَّ به ، فلا تختلفوا عليه ..فإذا كبَّرَ فكبروا ، وإذا ركع فاركعوا ، وإذا قال : سمع الله لمن حمده ، فقولوا : ربنا ولك الحمد ، وإذا سجد فاسجدوا ، وإذا صلى قائمًا فصلوا قيامًا ، وإذا صلى قاعدًا أو جالسًا ، فصلوا قعودًا أو جلوسًا أجمعين " .

"The Imam is to be followed,
do not act differently from him. Bow when he bows, and say, "Rabbana-lakal hamd" if he says "Sami`a l-lahu liman hamidah"; and if he prostrates, prostrate (after him), and if he prays sitting, pray sitting all together." In this Hadith, the prophet, peace be upon him, ordered us even to leave Al Kiam, (which if left while one is praying alone , his prayer is invalid), only to follow the Imam.

Those who say that the people praying after the Imam shouldn't follow him if he forgot and stood for the fifth rak'a, say this because exceeding is like decreasing, in their opinion.
If one prayed Al Maghrib two rak'at instead of three, then his prayer is invalid if one prayed Al Zuhr five rak'at instead of four also his prayer is invalid, so the people shouldn't follow their Imam.
But we say that they should follow him, try to remind him, as in sunnah, if he didn't recognize that it is the fifth rak'a, then the people after him should follow him.

We respect Imam Ibn Taimia, but we don't follow him, we follow what is in the Quran and Sunnah.
I think that Ibn Taimia is rewarded from Allah , but we can't follow him as we have evidences in Sunnah.

Ibn Al Othaimeen said that the obligatory thing is omitted to follow the Imam, because the prophet said :
"The Imam is to be followed, don't act differently from him. "

[أم أبي التراب]

SUMMARY FOR
JURISPRUDENCE OF PROSTRATIONS FOR FORGETFULNESS

================

The legitimacy of Sujuoud Al Sahw:

Sujuoud Al Sahw is obligatory or likeable for decreasing or increasing or doubting in Al fard or Al Nafl, on the condition that the prayer has rokoe and sujoud.

What Prostrations Of Forgetfulness is about?
====================

Sujuoud Al Sahw is two prostrations which are done to compensate anything wrong in the prayer occurred due to forgetfulness.

The reasons of Al Sahw (forgetfulness), increase, decrease (deficiency) and doubt.

Does Sujuoud Al Sahw has Qiam, Takbeer and Tasleem?

Yes, it has Takbeer and Tasleem but it doesn't have Qiam.

If Sahw (forgetfulness) is repeated in the same prayer, one Sujuoud Al Sahw is sufficient.

If one forgot one of the Wajibaat, and remembered it, after leaving his position in prayer, before moving to the next rukn, he should return and perform this Wajib, then complete his prayer and perform Sujuoud Al Sahw before Al Tasleem.

If he remembered this Wajib after going to the next rukn, this Wajib is omitted, he completes his prayer and perform Sujuoud Al Sahw before Al Tasleem.

If he remembers it before leaving his position in the prayer, he performs it and doesn't need Sujuoud Al Sahw .

If one forgets one of the Sunnan in the prayer, this sunnah is omitted, and it is likeable to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

POSITION OF SUJUOUD AL SAHW
======================

If there is any increase in the prayer, then Sujuoud Al Sahw is after Al Tasleem.

If there is any deficiency in the prayer, then Sujuoud Al Sahw is before Al Tasleem.

If there's doubt,
If one is not certain, then it is after Al Tasleem.
If one is certain, then it's before Al Tasleem.

If one has two Sahw (forgetfulness), one is compensated with Sujuoud Al Sahw before Al Tasleem and the other after Al Tasleem, he performs it before Al Tasleem.

If the Imam forgets, the Ma'momeen (people following the Imam), should follow the Imam and perform Sujuoud Al Sahw like him even if they didn't forget like the Imam .

If the Ma'mom forgets while praying after the Imam, he doesn't have to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw and the Imam bears any mistake of the Ma'momeen.

Scholars differed on the issue of following the Imam in his forgetfulness, but the Ma'momeen should follow the Imam according to the hadith :

"إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمام ليؤتمَّ به ، فلا تختلفوا عليه"

"The Imam is to be followed, don't act differently from him. "

[أم أبي التراب]

FOOTNOTE
==========

Forgetfulness occurs in prayer because there is no solemnity... solemnity means complete submissiveness to Allah. The heart is the place of submissiveness, when the heart is submissive to Allah, then all the senses are also submissive... The heart, hearing, vision, bones and nerves are all submissive.

كان رسول الله ـ صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم ـ يقول في ركوعه " اللَّهُمَّ لكَ رَكَعْتُ، وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ، وَلَكَ أَسْلَمْتُ، خَشَعَ لكَ سَمْعِي، وَبَصَرِي، وَمُخِّي، وَعَظْمِي، وَعَصَبِي، " .

For this the prophet, peace be upon him, said in his bowing, " O Allah, to You I have bowed, in You I believe, to You I have submitted and in You I put my trust. You are my Lord. My hearing, my sight, my flesh, my blood, my brain and my sinews are humbled before Allah, the Lord of the Worlds)."..Narrated by Moslem.

For this reason there are many positions in Quraan and Sunnah urging us to have solemnity in our prayers.

قوله تعالى "قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ * الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ" .سورة المؤمنون / آية : 1 ، 2 .

"Successful indeed are the believers. Those who offer their Salât (prayers) with all solemnity and full submissiveness."

وقوله تعالى "وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ خُشُوعًا". سورة الإسراء

"And they fall down on their faces weeping and it increases their humility."

وقوله تعالى "إِنَّنِي أَنَا اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاعْبُدْنِي وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي" سورة طه.

"Indeed, I am Allāh. There is no deity except Me, so worship Me and establish prayer for My remembrance."

======================

INATTENTIVE IS OPPOSITE TO ZIKR

"وقوله تعالى "ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ هُدًى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ * الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ ". البقرة.

This is the Book (the Qur’ân), whereof there is no doubt, a guidance to those who are Al-Muttaqûn ([the pious believers of Islamic). Monotheism who fear Allâh much (abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden) and love Allâh much (perform all kinds of good deed s which He has ordained..Who believe in the Ghaib and perform As-Salât (Iqâmat-as-Salât), and spend out of what We have provided for them (i.e. give Zakât ).

Allah didn't say do the prayer, he said perform the prayer. It is not enough to do the acts of prayer but prayer ought to be performed by performing its Arkan (pillars), Wajibaat, and its conditions... It is also ought to be done with submissiveness, with Tadabur, to be aware of what is said or acted in it.

Prayer is talking to Allah.

عن أبي هريرة ـ رضي الله عنه ـ قال :صلى بنا رسول الله "صلَّى بنا رسولُ اللهِ صلَّى اللهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ الظهرَ فلما سلَّم نادى رجلًا كان في آخرِ الصُّفوفِ فقال يا فلانُ ألا تتَّقي اللهَ ألا تنظرُ كيف تُصلِّي إنَّ أحدَكم إذا قام يصلِّي إنما يقوم يُناجي ربَّه فلْينظرْ كيف يناجيه إنكم ترون أني لا أراكم إني واللهِ لَأَرى من خلفِ ظهري كما أرى من بين يديَّ."

Abi Hurairah narrated that the prophet, peace be upon him, led them in Al zuhr prayer, after Al Tasleem, he cried to a man in the last raws, he told him "O, you don't have piety, don't you see how you pray, if one prays he is talking to Allah, so he must know how to talk to Allah... You see that I don't see you, but I see you from my back as I see you from my front...Sahih Targheeb and Tarheeb....
Talking to Allah inattentively is not talking at all.

أن رسول الله ـ صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم ـ قال "إنَّ النَّبيَّ صلَّى اللَّهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ قالَ مَن توضَّأَ فأحسنَ وضوءَه ثُمَّ صلَّى رَكعَتينِ لا يسهو فيهِما غُفِرَ لَه ما تقدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِهِ".

Yazeed Ibn Khalid Al Gohani reported that the prophet, peace be upon him, said who perform good ablution (wudu'), and and offers a two-rak`at prayer during which he does not think of anything else (not related to the present prayer) then his past sins will be forgiven. "

=======================

[أم أبي التراب]

فقه سجود السهو

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