فقه سجود السهوThe jurisprudence of prostration for forgetfulness

[أم أبي التراب]

KINDS OF SAHW

The prostration of forgetfulness (sujood ul-sahw) is required whenever one inadvertently adds extraneous parts or misses parts or is in doubt regarding parts of the arkaan (essential pillars) of the prayer .

WHEN SUJUOUD AL SAHW SHOULD BE DONE.

With regard to when the prostration of forgetfulness should be done, before or after the salaam, there is a great difference of opinion among the scholars to settle what is the best thing, as both, before or after are right.

The most correct view is that if a person does something extra in the prayer by mistake, the prostration must be done after the salaam, and if he omits something then he should do the prostration before the salaam. If he is not sure then it is subject to further discussion. If one thing seems more likely to him than the other then he should do the prostration after the salaam, and if neither seems more likely then he should do the prostration before the salaam.

FIRST... IF SOMEONE FORGETS ANY OF THE PRAYER PILLARS

If anyone forgets anything of the prayer pillars, deliberately or not, even if he forgets Takbeer Al Ihram, his prayer is invalid. But if anyone forgets any pillar of prayer in any rak'a and goes to the next rak'a, then this rak'a is invalid, i.e. it is omitted and the rak'a after it replaces it.

[أم أبي التراب]

Other example, if someone forgets the second sujoud in the first rak'a and he lifted for the second rak'a, he lowers down and makes the second sujoud then he completes his prayer and make Tasleem, then Sujuoud Al Sahw (prostrations of forgetfulness), then another Tasleem.

FORGETTING AL WAJIBAAT
=======================

If anyone leaves one of the Wajibaat delibrately, then his prayer is invalid. If he remembers it immidiately, he performs it, and if he remembers before he reaches the other rukn, he returns and performs it, then he completes his prayer and makes Tasleem and then sujuoud al sahw. If he remembers it after reaching the next rukn he completes his prayer and performs sujoud al sahw before Al Tasleem.

EXAMPLE
=========
Someone while lifting to the third rak'a he remembers that he forgot the first Tashahud , so he sits down and makes the Tashahud, and completes his prayer without making sujoud al sahw.. If he remembers before standing, he sits down and makes Tashahud, completes his prayer, then makes Tasleem, then makes sujoud al sahw....If he stood up, he completes his prayer, makes sujoud al sahw after Al Tasleem.

النبيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّمَ صَلَّى بهِمُ الظَّهْرَ، فَقَامَ في الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الأُولَيَيْنِ لَمْ يَجْلِسْ، فَقَامَ النَّاسُ معهُ حتَّى إذَا قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ وانْتَظَرَ النَّاسُ تَسْلِيمَهُ كَبَّرَ وهو جَالِسٌ، فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ أنْ يُسَلِّمَ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ.

The prophet, peace be upon him, stood up for the Zuhr prayer and he should have sat (after the second raka but he stood up for the third raka without sitting for Tashahud) and when he finished the prayer he performed two prostrations and said Takbeer on each prostration while sitting, before ending (the prayer) with Tasleem; and the people too performed the two prostrations with him instead of the sitting he forgot.” Sahih Bukhari.


This Hadith shows us:

It is obligatory to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw if anyone leaves the first Tashahud.

The first Tashahud is not rukn(pillar), as if anyone forgets any rukn, he should make this rukn, then makes sujoud al sahw...

One sujoud al sahw is sufficient for more than one
forgetfulness. As in the last example; the prophet forgot sitting down and Al Tashahud.

If the Imam forgets anything and performed sujoud al sahw the people who follow him should perform also sujoud al sahw like him, though he was the one who forgot .

It is important to follow the Imam, as the prophet, peace be upon him, consented them when they followed him and left sujuoud like him .

[أم أبي التراب]

SECOND...IF SOMEONE INCREASES ANYTHING IN THE PRAYER.

If anyone increases anything in his prayer; sujoud, kiam, rukoe (kneeling), deliberately then his prayer is invalid. But if he increases it unintentionally, his prayer is right, only he has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw. If he remembers the increase, he gets back and performs sujoud al sahw...

EXAMPLE
Some prayed al zuhr five rak'at, while praying the fifth rak'a he remembers, so he has to sit down, performs Al Tashahud, then makes sujoud al sahw. If he remembers in Al Tashahud, he completes it then he makes Al Tasleem, then makes sujoud al sahw. If he remembers after Al Tashahud, he makes Al Tasleem then sujoud al sahw.. if he remembers after Al Tasleem he makes sujoud al sahw.

: عن عبد الله بن مسعود ـ رضي الله عنه " أنَّ رَسولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّمَ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ خَمْسًا، فقِيلَ له: أَزِيدَ في الصَّلَاةِ؟ فَقالَ: وما ذَاكَ؟ قالَ: صَلَّيْتَ خَمْسًا، فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ ما سَلَّمَ.

Abdullah Ibn Masoud narrated that the prophet, peace be upon him, prayed Al Zuhr five rak'at, his companions asked him whether the prayer has increased you prayed five rak'at, he performed sujoud al sahw after Al Tasleem.

AL TASLEEM BEFORE COMPLETING THE PRAYER

Making Al Tasleem before completing the prayer is increasing in the prayer.
If anyone makes Al Tasleem delibrately before completing the prayer, his prayer is invalid. If he forgets and remembers after a while , he should repeat his prayer... If he remembers in a short time, for example two or three minutes, he completes his prayer, makes sujoud al sahw after Al Tasleem.

فعن أبي هريرة قال :"صَلَّى لَنَا رَسولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليه وسلَّمَ صَلَاةَ العَصْرِ، فَسَلَّمَ في رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَقَامَ ذُو اليَدَيْنِ فَقالَ: أقُصِرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ يا رَسولَ اللهِ، أمْ نَسِيتَ؟ فَقالَ رَسولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليه وسلَّمَ: كُلُّ ذلكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَقالَ: قدْ كانَ بَعْضُ ذلكَ، يا رَسولَ اللهِ، فأقْبَلَ رَسولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليه وسلَّمَ علَى النَّاسِ فَقالَ: أصَدَقَ ذُو اليَدَيْنِ؟ فَقالوا: نَعَمْ، يا رَسولَ اللهِ، فأتَمَّ رَسولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليه وسلَّمَ ما بَقِيَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، وهو جَالِسٌ، بَعْدَ التَّسْلِيمِ.."

Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet led us in the Asr prayer and finished it with Tasleem. Dhul-Yadain said to him, "O Allah's Apostle! Has the prayer been reduced?" The Prophet asked his companions in the affirmative. So the prophet offered two more rakat and then performed two prostrations (of Sahw).

This Hadith shows us:
1- That if anyone thought that he had completed the prayer, when it is not completed, he could complete it.

2- Conforming sujoud al sahw, and it is two prostrations , it has Tasleem and it doesn't have Tashahud.

3- It shows also that moving in the prayer doesn't make the prayer invalid, also talking, if they are unintentionally.

4- Any movement, out of the prayer movements, also doesn't invalidate the prayer if it is done by an ignorant one.

5- Only one Sujuoud Al Sahw is sufficient for repeated forgetfulness , as the prophet did.


There's Sahw by exceedance, which is Al Tasleem, he has to make Al Tasleem again to complete his prayer, and Sahw by decrease , which is praying Al Asr two rak'at instead of four.

Sheikh Al Othaimeen said in his short message of Sujuoud Al Sahw:
If the Imam made Al Tasleem before completing his prayer, then he remembered, and stood to compensate what he forgot, the people praying after him, who were praying what they missed, has the choice whether they complete what they missed and perform Sujuoud Al Sahw or follow the Imam, then pray what they missed and then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw... The last choice is preferable

[أم أبي التراب]

There's Sahw by exceedance, which is Al Tasleem, he has to make Al Tasleem again to complete his prayer, and Sahw by decrease , which is praying Al Asr two rak'at instead of four.

Sheikh Al Othaimeen said in his short message of Sujuoud Al Sahw:
If the Imam made Al Tasleem before completing his prayer, then he remembered, and stood to compensate what he forgot, the people praying after him, who were praying what they missed, has the choice whether they complete what they missed and perform Sujuoud Al Sahw or follow the Imam, then pray what they missed and then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw... The last choice is preferable.

THIRD..DOUBT.
=============

Doubt is to be hesitant, which thing has occurred.

We don't pay attention to doubt in three cases:

1- If it's illusion, and not real like obsessives.

2- If it is repeated by someone that it is occurred in all Eibadat.

3- If it occurs after the prayer, one should not pay attention to it except if he is sure of it, then he acts according to what he is sure.

EXAMPLE
=========
One prayed Al Zuhr , then after he had finished he doubted whether he had prayed three or four rak'at, he doesn't pay attention to this, except if he was sure that he prayed three rak'at, so he completes his prayer and perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

But for these three cases, doubt is considered.

In the prayer doubt has two cases:

THE FIRST CASE..to be sure of one of the two possibilities, then he acts according to it, completes his prayer, performs Al Tasleem, then performs Sujuoud Al Sahw.

EXAMPLE
=========
Someone prayed Al Zuhr then he doubted whether this rak'a is the second or third one, but he oscilated that it's the third, so he makes it the third , then prays the fourth rak'a, performs Sujuoud Al Sahw, then performs Al Tasleem.

Abdullah Ibn Masoud narrated that the prophet, peace be upon him, said if anyone has doubts in his prayer he sees what is right, and completes his prayer according to it, performs Al Tasleem, then performs Sujuoud Al Sahw. Sahih Abi Dawood.


THE SECOND CASE...if someone isn't sure of anything, then he completes his prayer according to the less, (al yaqeen), and performs Sujuoud Al Sahw before Al Tasleem.

EXAMPLE
=========

عن أبي سعيد الخدري ـ رضي الله عنه ـ أن النبي ـ صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم ـ قال " إذا شَكَّ أحَدُكُمْ في صَلاتِهِ، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ كَمْ صَلَّى ثَلاثًا أمْ أرْبَعًا، فَلْيَطْرَحِ الشَّكَّ ولْيَبْنِ علَى ما اسْتَيْقَنَ، ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ أنْ يُسَلِّمَ، فإنْ كانَ صَلَّى خَمْسًا شَفَعْنَ* له صَلاتَهُ، وإنْ كانَ صَلَّى إتْمامًا لأَرْبَعٍ كانَتا * تَرْغِيمًا لِلشَّيْطانِ".

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported: The Prophet, peace be upon him said: When any one of you is in doubt about his prayer and he does Dot know how much he has prayed, three or four (rak'at). he should cast aside his doubt and base his prayer on what he is sure of. then perform two prostrations before giving Al Tasleem.. Sahih Moslem.

If he has prayed five rak'at, they will make his prayer an even number for him, and if he has prayed exactly four, they will be humiliation for the devil

[أم أبي التراب]

A BENEFIT..
==========

If someone has doubts and made as in the previous example, then he became sure that there is no increase or decrease in his prayer, he doesn't have to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw , as he became sure that his prayer is complete. Others say he has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw to humilate the devil, and because he had doubts in part of his prayer. And this the most preferred.

EXAMPLE
========

Someone prayed and doubted whether this rak'a is the second or the third, then he made it the second and completed his prayer, but after that he discovered that it's really the second:
The first opinion: he has no Sujoud Al sahw. This is correct.
The second opinion: he has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw which is the most preferred.

If the Imam forgets, the people praying after him (ma'momeen), should follow him in Sujuoud Al Sahw.

If the Imam forgets, the people praying after him should follow him in Sujuoud Al Sahw, even if they didn't forget.

إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ به، فلا تَخْتَلِفُوا عليه، فَإِذَا رَكَعَ، فَارْكَعُوا، وإذَا قالَ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَهُ، فَقُولوا: رَبَّنَا لكَ الحَمْدُ، وإذَا سَجَدَ فَاسْجُدُوا، وإذَا صَلَّى جَالِسًا، فَصَلُّوا جُلُوسًا أجْمَعُونَ، وأَقِيمُوا الصَّفَّ في الصَّلَاةِ، فإنَّ إقَامَةَ الصَّفِّ مِن حُسْنِ الصَّلَاةِ"

The prophet, peace be upon him, said, "The Imam is to be followed; say Takbir when he says it; bow when he bows; rise when he rises and when he says "Sami`a l-lahu liman hamidah," say, "Rabbana wa laka l-hamd", and prostrate if he prostrates...Sit like him if he sits in his prayer, and straighten your rows as the straightening of rows is essential for a perfect and correct prayer. Al Bukhari.

The people following the Imam (Ma'momeen) follow him whether he performed Sujuoud Al Sahw before or after Al Tasleem. But if the Imam performed Sujuoud Al Sahw after Al Tasleem, the followers, who missed some of the prayer and compensated it, couldn't follow him, they perform Al Tasleem then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

EXAMPLE
=========

If someone entered the prayer while the Imam is giving the fourth rak'a, and the Imam has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw after Al Tasleem, then this person completes his prayer, performs Al Tasleem, then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

A QUESTION
===========

If the Imam sees that Sujuoud Al Sahw is not obligatory and the Ma'mom (the one following the Imam) sees it's obligatory;
does the Ma'mom have to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw?

As in the first Tashahud, some scholars say it's sunnah, as Al Shaf'y, and it doesn't need Sujuoud Al Sahw.. The answer is No, because the Ma'mom has to follow his Imam.

There's argument between scholars, if the Imam has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw and he didn't perform it, the Ma'momeen made Al Tasbeeh to remind him, some say that the Ma'momeen have to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw as the prayer is deficient and they have to complete it. Others say that they have to follow the Imam..

If the Ma'mom forgets while praying after the Imam, he shouldn't perform Sujuoud Al Sahw, and the Imam bears the forgetfulness as most of the scholars said including the four Imams and others.

The Prophet 's companions used to forget while praying after the prophet, peace be upon him, if they were alone, they would perform Sujuoud Al Sahw but while praying after the prophet, they didn't perform it.. If they did it, they would transform it to us.. This is proved by the Hadeeth of Mu'awiya Ibn Al Hakam Al Salami who talked unintentionally in his prayer after the prophet and the prophet didn't ask him to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

Sheikh Ibn Al Othaimeen said that if the Ma'mom forgets anything in his prayer, he doesn't perform Sujuoud Al Sahw because he has to follow his Imam. The prophet's companions left the first Tashahud, when the prophet forgot it, and this to follow their Imam.

If the Ma'mom missed something in his prayer after the Imam or in what he prayed to compensate his prayer, he should perform Sujuoud Al Sahw either before or after Al Tasleem as we previously mentioned.

EXAMPLE
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Ma'mom forgot to say Sami'Allahu liman hamidah, he didn't miss any rukn, he has no Sujoud Al sahw, but if he forgot any rak'a or more he should perform it, then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw before Al Tasleem. Ibn Al Othaimeen.

[أم أبي التراب]

A BENEFIT
=========
If the Ma'mom has forgot two times, one needs Sujuoud Al Sahw before Al Tasleem and one after it, it is preferable to perform it before Al Tasleem. Al Othaimeen.

If he recites Quraan while Kneeling or prostrating unintentionally, is it obligatory to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw or is it sunnah?

Most of the scholars said it is not obligatory.

Mistakes of common people in prayer
=======================

Some people say "subhan he who doesn't forget or sleep" in Sujuoud Al Sahw. This saying has no evidence is Al Share (religion).

The prophet, peace be upon him, didn't say anything in Sujuoud Al Sahw, but he said the prayer usual zikr.
Saying "subhan he who doesn't forget or sleep", wasn't said by the prophet or any of his companions, and is not in sunnah. This was said by one of the mystics, he saw it in his dream, so we don't have to say it.. we should follow the right sunnah books.

Some leave Sujuoud Al Sahw, which is after Al Tasleem , if he forgets it .
Some jurists said, if there is along period of time, he doesn't perform Sujuoud Al Sahw .
Others said one should perform it as long as he still in the Mosque .
Others said he doesn't have to do it in both cases.

Ahmed said that he should do it if he left the Mosque and became away from it.
Determining time or place is not in share (religion).. Sheikh Al Islam said this also.

[أم أبي التراب]

FEEDBACK
=========

Somone forgot to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw, and a period of time passed or he lost his wudu', Scholars have two opinions concerning this issue: if someone doesn't lose his wudu':

The first: to repeat the prayer, this is the opinion of Abi Hanifa, Malek, Al Shaf'y and Ahmed. They said that it is one prayer, and it is not allowed to complete it if there's a long period of time or if anyone loses his wudu '.

The second: to complete the prayer and perform Sujuoud Al Sahw if someone doesn't lose his wudu '... This is said by Malek, old opinion of Al Shaf'y, it was said also by Yahia Ibn Sa'id Al Ansary, Al Laith, Ibn Hazm, and Ibn Taimia, who specified this opinion for Sujuoud Al Sahw which is after the prayer and was forgotten. They said this opinion because there's no limit for the time between prayer and Sujuoud Al Sahw... The prophet, peace be upon him, finished his prayer, talked, went out of the Mosque, entered his house, then he was told that he forgot something in his prayer, he returned to the Mosque, completed his prayer and performed Sujuoud Al Sahw...

قال صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم :
"مَن نَسِيَ صَلَاةً، أَوْ نَامَ عَنْهَا، فَكَفَّارَتُهَا أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا.ا

The prophet said that if anyone forgets to pray, or sleeps and misses a prayer, then let him pray when he remembers. Moslem.
The writer of this book said that this is a strong opinion, but it is better to repeat the prayer.

If someone lost his wudu ' after Al Tasleem, and his prayer was incomplete, his prayer is invalid. All Scholars agreed to this. If he forgot Sujuoud Al Sahw after Al Tasleem; because he had increased in his prayer, he could perform it after performing wudu ', this is to humilate devil, as said by Ibn Taimia. This is a strong opinion.

[أم أبي التراب]

فقه سجود السهو

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